Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °£´ÜÈ÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä°úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
¿©±â¼ ºÎÅÍ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ µé¾î°©´Ï´Ù! ÁÖ¿ä°úÁ¤:
/tmp¸¦ À§ÇØ 1 GB¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ý°¢À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÁß¿¡ ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. #2.0.36)À» ³»·Á¹ÞÀº ÈÄ ÆæÆ¼¾ö GNU CC ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ pgcc
http://www.goof.com/pcg/ ( ÆæÆ¼¾ö II¿¡ ÃÖÀûÈµÈ Äڵ带 »ý¼º½ÃÅ´)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© SMP Áö¿ø°ú Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ¼±ÅûçÇ×À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÃÖÀûÈ ¼±ÅûçÇ×µéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù: pgcc -mpentiumpro -06-fno-inline-functions SMP Áö¿øÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Ä¿³Î ¼³Á¤ ¸Þ´º¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Processor type and features¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹öưÀ» »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.( make xconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é¼ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ.
http://www.csua.berkeley.edu/~gam3/knfsd/°¡ Çâ»óµÈ NFS ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ ±×Àü¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´ø »ç¿ëÀÚ-°ø°£ NFS ¼¹ö¸¦ ´ëüÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ºü¸¥ ¼³Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ·¹µåÇÞ RPM ²Ù·¯¹Ì¸¦
http://rufus.w3.org/linux/RPM/¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. µðÆúÆ® ¼±ÅûçÇ×ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.ssh´Â
http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¿ÜºÎ·Î ºÎÅÍÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Á¢¼ÓÀ» À§Çؼ) ssh-1.2.26´Â ssh-2.0.11º¸´Ù ¼±È£µÈ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ssh v2.x´Â ¿ª¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ȣȯ¼ºÀÌ ¾øÀ»»Ó´õ·¯ ¸¹ÀÌ ´À¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. sshd µ¥¸óÀº /etc/rc.d/rc3.d¿¡¼ runlevel 3¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ssh·¹µåÇÞ RPMÀÌ
http://rufus.w3.org/linux/RPM/¿¡¼ Á¦°øµÇ°í ÀÖ°í ´Ù¸¥ RPM µéµµ ¼³Ä¡ÇϱⰡ ÆíÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.eth1À¸·Î¼ IP¸¦ 128.118.170.11·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖ°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â »ç¼³ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î¼ dummy IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 10.0.0.1·Î ÇÒ´çµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Donald Becker¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø 3COM 3c905B ¾î´ðÅÍ¿¡ °üÇÑ Ãֽеå¶óÀ̹ö´Â (3c59x.c v0.99H
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html) Ä¿³Î³»ºÎ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî 100Mbit/sec Full-duplex ¿¬°áÀ» º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â vortex-diag À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/diag/vortex-diag.c¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤À» À§Çؼ ´ÙÀ½ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¯°æÇؾßÇÑ´Ù: /etc/sysconfig/network, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0¿Í /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1. ¿©±â¿¡ º¯°æÈÄ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ´Ù:
/etc/sysconfig/network: NETWORKING=yes FORWARD_IPV4=no HOSTNAME=cocoa.ihpca.psu.edu DOMAINNAME=ihpca.psu.edu GATEWAY=128.118.170.1 GATEWAYDEV=eth1 NISDOMAIN=ihpca.psu.edu /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0: DEVICE=eth0 IPADDR=10.0.0.1 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=10.0.0.0 BROADCAST=10.0.0.255 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none USERCTL=no /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1: DEVICE=eth1 IPADDR=128.118.170.11 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=128.118.170.0 BROADCAST=128.118.170.255 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none USERCTL=no
/etc/inetd.confÆÄÀÏÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ÁÙÀÇ ÁÖ¼®À» ¾ø¾ÖÁÜÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd bootpd¸®´ª½º ºÎÆÃ Ç÷ÎÇÇ´Â 3c905B ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾î´ðÅ͸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ÁغñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÀÌ ¾î´ðÅÍ´Â °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµåµéÀÌ ºÎÆÃÀÌ µÇ°í °¢ÀÚ °íÀ¯ÀÇ 96-bit ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÁÖ¼Ò±Û ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. (¿¡¸¦ µé¾î 00C04F6BC052) ÀÌ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé
/etc/bootptabÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù:
.default:\
:hd=/boot:bf=install.ks:\
:vm=auto:\
:dn=hpc.ihpca.psu.edu:\
:gw=10.0.0.1:\
:rp=/boot/client/root:
node1:ht=ethernet:ha=00C04F6BC0B8:ip=10.0.0.2:tc=.default
node2:ht=ethernet:ha=00C04F79AD76:ip=10.0.0.3:tc=.default
node3:ht=ethernet:ha=00C04F79B5DC:ip=10.0.0.4:tc=.default
.
.
.
node25:ht=ethernet:ha=00C04F79B30E:ip=10.0.0.26:tc=.default
/etc/hostsÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
# Server [COCOA]
128.118.170.11 cocoa.ihpca.psu.edu cocoa.aero.psu.edu cocoa
# IP address <--> NAME mappings for the individual nodes of the cluster
10.0.0.1 node0.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu node0 # Server itself!
10.0.0.2 node1.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu node1
10.0.0.3 node2.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu node2
.
.
.
10.0.0.26 node25.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu node25
/etc/hosts.confÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù:
order hosts,bind
ÀÌ´Â DNS ¼¹ö·Î ºÎÅÍ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖ±âÀü¿¡ /etc/hostsÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Á¦·Î ã°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù./etc/exports¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:
/boot node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (ro,link_absolute)
/mnt/cdrom node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (ro,link_absolute)
/usr/local node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (rw,no_all_squash,no_root_squash)
/home1 node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (rw,no_all_squash,no_root_squash)
/home2 node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (rw,no_all_squash,no_root_squash)
/home3 node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (rw,no_all_squash,no_root_squash)
/home4 node*.hpc.ihpca.psu.edu (rw,no_all_squash,no_root_squash)
/boot/install.ksÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
lang en
network --bootproto bootp
nfs --server 10.0.0.1 --dir /mnt/cdrom
keyboard us
zerombr yes
clearpart --all
part / --size 1600
part /local --size 2048
part /tmp --size 400 --grow
part swap --size 127
install
mouse ps/2
timezone --utc US/Eastern
rootpw --iscrypted kQvti0Ysw4r1c
lilo --append "mem=512M" --location mbr
%packages
@ Networked Workstation
%post
rpm -i ftp://10.0.0.1/pub/CLUSTER/RPMS/wget-1.5.0-2.i386.rpm
rpm -i ftp://10.0.0.1/pub/CLUSTER/RPMS/xntp3-5.93-2.i386.rpm
/usr/bin/wget ftp://10.0.0.1/pub/CLUSTER/kernel/vmlinuz -O/boot/vmlinuz
/usr/bin/wget ftp://10.0.0.1/pub/CLUSTER/conf/lilo.conf -O/etc/lilo.conf
/sbin/lilo
/usr/bin/wget ftp://10.0.0.1/pub/CLUSTER/conf/hosts.equiv -O/etc/hosts.equiv
sed "s/required\(.*securetty\)/optional\1/g" /etc/pam.d/rlogin > /tmp/rlogin
mv /tmp/rlogin /etc/pam.d/rlogin
·¹µåÇÞ KickStart ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ¿í´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸´Â
http://www.cache.ja.net/dev/kickstart/KickStart-HOWTO.html¿¡¼ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¼³Ä¡¸í·ÉÁß¿¡¼ /etc/pam.d/rloginÀÇ Ã³À½ ¶óÀÎÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù:
auth optional /lib/security/pam_securetty.soauth optional /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
À̰ÍÀº rlogin/rsh¸¦ µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÄÑ ¼¹ö¿¡¼ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®·Î ÆÐ½º¿öµå ¾øÀÌ ¿¬°áÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. À̴ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµåÀÇ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î °ü¸®¿¡ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ /etc/hosts.equivÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
node0
node1
node2
node3
.
.
.
node25
·¹µåÇÞ ¸®´ª½º 5.1 CD-ROMÀ» NFS¸¦ °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¼¹ö¿¡¼ /mnt/cdromÀ¸·Î ¸¶¿îÆ® ½Ã۰í SMP¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¼¹ö¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í ·¹µåÇÞ ºÎÆ® µð½ºÄÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¹Ù²Û´Ù. ÀÌ Ä¿³ÎÀº Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµå¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Ưº°È÷ ¸¹Àº ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ´õ¿ì±â BOOTP¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ Ä¿³Î ·¹º§ ÀÚµ¿¼³Á¤ÀºÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº Ä¿³Î¼³Á¤¸Þ´º¿¡¼ ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ¼±ÅûçÇ׿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ³ëµå°¡ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÆÃ°úÁ¤Áß¿¡ ¼¹ö·Î ºÎÅÍ ip¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹ÞÀ» ¶§ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ºÎÆ®µð½ºÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö¿øÀº KickStart ¸ðµå¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÆÃÇϱâÀ§Çؼ º¯ÇüµÈ´Ù. °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤À» À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ºÎÆ® µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Áý¾î³Ö°í ¿öÅ©½ºÅ×À̼ǿ¡ Àü¿øÀ» ۰í ÀÚµ¿¼³Á¤ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®¸é µÈ´Ù.brsh(
http://www.beowulf.org/software/RPMS/beobase-2.0-1.i386.rpm)¿Í °°Àº À¯¿ëÇÑ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼µéÀº °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµåµé¿¡°Ô rsh¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸®µµ·ÏÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù. NIS´Â °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµå¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ ·Î±×ÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¼³Ä¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´ë½Å¿¡ °£´ÜÇÑ ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ¼¹öÀÇ /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow¿Í /etc/groupÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÐ¹èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù./etc/inetd.conf¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµåµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù:
shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rshd
auth stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/in.identd in.identd -l -e -o
http://www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/¿¡¼ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç pgcc¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. /usr/local/ ÆÄƼ¼Ç¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. mpif77½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¸Â°Ô º¯ÇüµÇ¾ú°í ºñ½ÁÇÑ mpif90¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸µé¾î Á³´Ù. /usr/local/mpi/util/machines/machines.LINUX¿¡ °¢ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÎ°¡Áö ÀÔ·ÂÀ» ÇϸéµÈ´Ù. (dual-processor SMP ³ëµå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù.) mpirunÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~pasko/dqs.html¿¡¼ ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© /usr/local/DQS/¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ°í NFS¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ Á¢±Ù°¡´É ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼¹ö¿Í Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® º¯ÈµéÀº /etc/servicesÀÇ ¼ºñ½ºµéÀ» ÷°¡ÇÏ°í ¼¹ö¿¡¼ qmaster¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¿¡¼´Â dqs_execd¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸î¸î ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀÌ ´ÚÄ¥ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â DQSÀÇ À߸øµÈ ¹®¼È¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. º»ÀúÀÚ°¡ DQS ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ¿© Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® ³ëµå°¡ ÀνÄÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ±îÁö ³Ê¹« ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·ÈÁö¸¸, Çѹø ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ½±°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Wrapper ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â DQS °á°ú¸¦ À߸¸µé¾î ³»°ÔÇϰí Á¶±ÝÀÇ Çâ»óÀ» ½ÃŰ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ qsub, qstat¿Í qdel¸¦ À§ÇØ º» ÀúÀÚ°¡ º¯ÇüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î qstatÀº º¯ÇüÀ» ÇÏ¿© queue¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±â±ÞÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÇ´Â ³ëµåÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼°¡Áö qinfo,qload¿Í qmem´Â °¢ ³ëµåµéÀ» À§Çؼ À¯¿ëÇÑ load µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÁÖ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú°í Ŭ·¯½ºÅÍ ¸®¼Ò½º À̿뿡 »ç¿ëµÇ°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.pgccÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ C/C++ Äڵ带 À§ÇØ ±ÇÀåµÈ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ FPU intensive number crunching ³ëµå¸¦ À§ÇØ pgcc¸¦ -mpentiumpro -06 -funroll-all-loops¿É¼Ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé gcc¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í º¸´Ù ½ÇÇà½Ã°£ÀÌ 30% Çâ»óÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Anirudh Modi <htmlurl url="mailto:anirudh-modi@psu.edu" name="anirudh-modi@psu.edu">¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÁöµÈ´Ù. ¹®Á¦°¡ Àְųª Á¦¾È»çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é º»ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ÁֽʽÿÀ.